Cows in Space (re-run)
Presentation
Ten years later…
“Imagine a herd of cows, seen through the window of a moving train. Even if they are standing still, their position in space creates a fascinating game of structure, intervals and speed, combined with the perspective and the speed of the train where the passenger is seated. The image of the cows through the window evolves following a set of very precise rules. This observation was the occasion to use the principle of this phenomenon as a composition tool and to create an optical illusion, where the audience does not pass in front of a static formation but instead the dancers recreate an apparent movement on the stage.”
Ten years later…
It is 1997. Thomas Hauert creates a company called ZOO. Along with four fellow-dancers (Mark Lorimer, Sara Ludi, Samantha van Wissen and Mat Voorter) he creates the project Cows in Space. The premiere takes place in Kortrijk, Belgium, in February 1998. It is a big hit from the start. The production receives the Public Prize and the Jan Fabre Prize at the prestigious Rencontres chorégraphiques internationales de Seine-Saint-Denis and is presented at lots of Belgian and international stages, taking the company as far as Japan.
From the start, Cows in Space contains the elements that are also present in ZOO’s later work: the exploration of the human body’s movement possibilities (beyond the traditional cultural and aesthetic forms) and the coordination of a group of moving bodies, conceived as one single living being.
Incited by Thomas Hauert, the dancers disassociate themselves from their bodies' usual movement forms. Every single joint offers its own, specific possibilities. The combination of these individual movements can take an unlimited number of forms. In an atmosphere of playful curiosity, the dancers explore the greatest possible diversity of forms, rhythms, qualities and mutual relationships with space and external forces. ZOO based its name on a book, used by the group as study material. This choice suggests a vision of man as an animal species �" a very peculiar species indeed. In other words, man freed from culture.
One of the main methods used by the group to explore the world of movement possibilities, is improvisation. It is experienced as a tool to disconnect the body’s potential from the mind’s limitations. We are not talking about a completely free improvisation, because a body that is set totally free, tends to choose the easiest way out. It is, therefore, assisted improvisation, where tasks, rules and forces are imposed to break the dancers’ conditioning. This is e.g. the case of the “assisted solos”, where the movements of one body are in fact formed by three bodies: the soloist’s body and the one of the two assistants, who act on the soloist.
The idea is not that much to break down things or to nullify forms and codes, but rather to turn the body back to “zero” and start building something new, using human anatomy as the base. After the dancers have been temporarily extracted from their usual movement patterns , they try to apply the new parameters to their bodies. The principles are practised again and again in order to discover all possible varieties and subtleties and to create a new kind of virtuosity - because the body needs time to learn. The disorderly impression that the spectator has at the beginning of the show, is a consequence of his own conditioning. In reality each one of ZOO’s proposals is a coherent movement system, an alternative to known (and recognised) systems, but applied with outmost rigorousness. The stage is not life and dance is free to invent movements without any practical use. Thomas Hauert aims at maximal complexity, guided within a certain structure.
Cows in Space not only focuses on the individual but also on the group, on the “body” formed by the dancers together. If the exploration of the individual body leads to the expression of diversity (chaos), the group work creates cohesion, communication and connection (order). Thomas Hauert coordinates the five dancers’ bodies in Cows in Space with several tools to organise time and space. For the organisation of time he uses the music, composed by John Adams, Bart Aga, Alex Fostier. Acting on factors such as the dancers' mutual positions, paths and speed (the dancers being like cows), the organisation systems create fields of tension in the space between the dancers. These fields are so complex that the spectator cannot understand them with his intellect. He only observes the body, moved by the laws of organic evolution, rather than by mechanical logics. Still, these movements are meticulously determined, because they are so complex that it would be impossible to calculate them instantly. In ZOO’s later projects the principles of spatial organisation have become increasingly flexible and reactive, without ever losing subtleness. Order is guaranteed by the dancers’ trust in each other, rather than by the presence of some authority.
The concept of trust, central in ZOO's choreography project, is also translated by the company's structure and working process. ZOO defines itself as a collective, where every dancer contributes his own creativity to the group. Every dancer is free, but at the same time responsible. However, the structure is not horizontal: on top of the dancers’ individual reality stands a shared reality, proposed by Thomas Hauert. This common trust in the initial proposal is essential for the project, because it allows acceptance of the apparent chaos in the process. The discomfort, caused by the lack of order or authority, becomes comfort from the moment we accept that we cannot have everything under control. If we can let things go, we can create a much richer complexity than what could be controlled by reason.
In Cows in Space dance is abstract, in a sense that everything is about the body and movement. Dance does not have any narrative or figurative dimension. However, the spectators do not perceive the show as something abstract. Even if the dance performance does not illustrate anything, it proposes a model that can be very meaningful. The artistic project seems like a micro-utopia, an alternative vision of man, power and society. It is in the first place a very generous vision. "Who are you to tell me what to do?” Thomas Hauert sang in Walking Oscar (2006). The question goes perfectly with the sentence: “To love you, I am prepared to take the risk of falling" from Do You Believe in Gravity? Do You Trust The Pilot? (2001).
Denis Laurent (2007)
The artistic approach
Dance can talk to the body of the spectator directly. A part of the communication stream seems to flow through the eyes, without detour, into the stomach. Force, speed, lightness, tension, release, rotation, gravity and centrifugal force: such elements of the dance are connected to sensations which can be felt directly by the spectator. Some sports (for example sprinting, high jump, gymnastics and diving) or animals in motion can have a similar effect. As a choreographer I am interested in condensing this phenomenon in my compositions and in giving it meaning in a larger context. I am looking for possibilities to communicate directly with the body of the spectator by choreographic means. Those feelings work - having arrived through the body in the spectator's consciousness - as 'illustrations' to the parallel received signals on the mental level.
The most obvious way to include the phenomenon in choreography is to give the movement material of the dancers the particular quality that will create the effect. But an ingenious game with the in-between spaces can provoke a similar impact. The movements of the dancers in space result in movements of the in-between spaces. Speeds, positions in space and paths are factors that create tension fields in the space between the dancers, which can have an effect, which is as strong on the spectator as the movement of the dancers itself.
I made a first try with this working method during my studies at the Rotterdam Dance Academy. For each of the 5 dancers I designed a floor pattern, each consisting of 3 intersecting geometric figures: an equilateral triangle, a square and a circle. Each form existed in 3 different sizes and each of the floor patterns contained a large, a medium and a small shape. It was astonishing to see what a tension in the space between the dancers would arise, just by having them walk their circle paths simultaneously. It was as if the dancers were being moved by magnetic powers.
I developed another experiment in the same working direction I developed during a research period at Rosas Dance Company. A sequence from the film L'homme � la camera (Russian experimental silent movie from the Twenties) served as a score, which determined the pathways of the 13 dancers. The film sequence showed scenes of moving trams, cars and pedestrians, edited so ingeniously that the movement on the screen created a clearly perceivable rhythm. I tried to translate the rhythm and the dynamic as exactly as possible into the three dimensional space. The focus of a shot determined the size of the floor segment, which would be used for that same scene (general shot: whole stage, close up: small segment). The dancers moved within that part of the floor following the paths of the objects and people in the film, taking over tempi and directions as precisely as possible. Decisions about the placement of the different floor segments on the stage were arbitrary, and the trajectories between them created an additional group movement. The whole movement sequence had a fascinatingly strange effect. A rigorous organisation was clearly present, the dancers knew obviously very well what made them move, for the spectator the logic stayed unfathomable and the succession surprising.
Project outline
One thought-impulse to this project came with the observation of grazing cows through the window of a moving train. Even though they were standing still, a fascinating game of positions, in-between spaces and speeds was created by the combination of the formation of the cows, the perspective and the speed of the train with me as the spectator. The cows moved in my window frame according to a strict set of laws. Positions, in-between spaces and speeds changed with a natural harmony.
From that observation developed the idea of using the principle behind this phenomenon as a composition tool, as a sort of optical illusion where the auditorium is no longer driving past a static formation, but where dancers on the stage recreate the seeming movement.
Departing from this idea I developed new structures to make a group move in space. The piece has its own logic, which is perceivable for the spectators but not comprehensible.
The auditorium becomes a sort of bus, plane or spaceship and the stage a window through which to view the world flying by. The audience is sent on a journey at the same time through the outer and the inner world. On one side it is, due to spatial tricks, an illusionary trip through an imaginary world, on the other side, the rigorously structured choreography will, in the restricted but real space of the stage, become a ritual, a symbolic journey through an inner world.
Another main theme of the performance consists of the presentation of our research into the movement possibilities of the human body. We are looking for new and unexpected forms to surprise the viewer. Movements that go 'against the grain' (anatomically, physically and aesthetically) but which we as dancers are still able to perform organically and serenely. Different improvisation techniques are serving us to find new movement material and to get away from old habits. Every joint in our body has its range of possible movement that can be used isolated in an infinite number of combinations with movements of other joints of the body. At the same time that movement can be executed in any imaginable quality.
The piece is made for five dancers. For me, five is the smallest number that can constitute a group, which will be perceived as such, and which has no strong connotations like the quartet or the trio. The many possible 'neutral' formations of a group of five form an important basis for the spatial structure of the piece.
Thomas Hauert (1997)